Is it house of cards? Yes
Be careful when selecting your curator or yield vault, anon
To be continued.... 🍿
Is Yield Fi's yUSD yield stablecoin unbacked? Are liquid vaults participating in illiquid lending deals? Is the whole house of cards pushing TVL to new protocols with unknown risks?
We leave it for you, dear reader, to decide in this edition of Spicy Sunday.
YieldFi's YUSD markets as a yield bearing stablecoin vault taking neutral positions in DeFi to earn yield.
Their transparency page shows $109 million in assets the main wallet
0x37829fe9b8e67b8267c2058b9459f524b9e3ca5d
Etherscan lists $157,790,676 of circulating market cap likely considering either some bridged yUSD has moved to other chains. This discrepancy between backing assets and reported TVL remains unexplained, so we dig further.
The largest positions are deposits in a Morpho vault named ABRC. The vault is hidden from the UI. We find the nomenclature and secrecy odd until we realize the only supply position is to a YUSD / USDC market.
The main borrowers in this market are another set of wallets from the transparency page marked in the vyUSD section. These are used exclusively to leverage up YUSD on morpho and euler markets.
The second largest position is a looped mHYPER position currently earning a negative yield. Between their various positions, YieldFi makes up for over 10% of mHYPER TVL.
Hyperithm's mHYPER markets as a yield bearing stablecoin vault taking neutral positions in DeFi to earn yield.
mHYPER has a transparency page of its own, listing the main wallet as
0x68e7e72938db36a5cbbca7b52c71dbbaadfb8264
The positions include deposits in vaults lending to mHYPER itself as well as other yield bearing tokens. On Arbitrum, mHYPER is lending against YUSD, with a second allocation to xUSD, provenance of Stream Finance.
Stream Finance's xUSD markets as a yield bearing stablecoin vault taking neutral positions in DeFi to earn yield.
Stream has a transparency page, linking to a Debank cluster listing the main wallet as
0x1597e4b7cf6d2877a1d690b6088668afdb045763
The largest position is $59 million against $50 million borrowed, looping–at a loss again–none other than mHYPER. With this and other positions Stream Finance makes up for over 20% of mHYPER TVL.
What are we to make of this?
A daisy chain of circular lending is propping up yield vault market. One vault takes deposits and lends against, deposits to or loops another vault. Stables are washed through multiple vaults, boosting TVL for the vaults themselves and related protocols. An i-scratch-your-back-you-scratch-mine system of yield sharing.
The system looks fragile when we consider the liquidity situation. Any sizable outflow of deposits from any part of the system will manifest problems throughout the chain. With much of the TVL looping, outflows also pressure further reduction as positions become unprofitable.
If YUSD cannot redeem deposits in full, mHYPER users will take a loss on their lending, further impairing the solvency of the whole system. And the value deposited and lent is based on a system of trust, not verification.
YUSD price has flatlined since the drama of 10/10 when there was also $50 million of outflows. Redemption price is set by the team.
mHYPER and other yield vaults also have opaque pricing systems that rely on off-chain reporting. The teams determine the price of vaults in each system and this price is baked in to the immutable oracles used to borrow many 8 figures if not more of stables.
With the market liquidity, redemptions and even the asset pricing all in the hands of the curators, there is little incentive to be transparent on vault share price or to repay debts. While outflows are slow, holes can be papered over with inflows and further washing between vaults.
But any loss in the system not revealed is left on the last depositors. Further outflows only reduces the backing. The first to panic exit at the expense of the last.