But there were huge differences. Gmail sent 63 percent of @PeteButtigieg's campaign email to the primary inbox.
But it sent none of @ewarren's campaign email there. And only 2 percent of @BernieSanders's campaign email landed in the primary inbox.
ALT Chart: Which presidential candidates’ emails landed in Gmail’s primary inbox.
NEW: Some of the country’s top hospitals have been sending sensitive patient information to Facebook.
These hospitals may have violated HIPAA, experts say. themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
ALT Meme format that features Anakin Skywalker and Padmé from StarWars. Anakin is looking toward Padmé while her facial expression drastically changes. The text superimposed on Anakin reads "My site’s algorithm is contributing to extreme political polarization and leading to material violence." While the text over Padmé reads: "So you're going to fix it right?" "You're going to fix it, right?"
New: We analyzed Trump and Biden Facebook ads and found Facebook charged Biden more than it charged Trump on average.
The gap was especially wide for ads targeted to swing-state voters in July and August, when Biden paid, on average, double Trump's rate. themarkup.org/election-2020/…
Thread🧵
Email is a political battleground. Candidates work hard to spit-polish messages that will raise money and turn out the vote.
But Gmail’s black box sorting algorithm sends many political messages to a separate tab that users may rarely check.📭
themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
NEW: In cities across the U.S., four major internet providers are charging the same price for drastically different speeds.
And the worst deals were disproportionately offered to lower-income and least-White neighborhoods, @LeonYin and @ASankin found. mrkup.org/broadband
#NEW: Lenders are more likely to deny home loans to people of color than White people with similar financial backgrounds.
Black people were 80% more likely to be denied, @eh_mah_nwel and @lkirchner reveal in their latest investigation.
themarkup.org/denied/2021/08…
Welcome to The Markup. We are a new nonprofit newsroom that will produce meaningful data-centered journalism investigating the societal harms of technology. themarkup.org
NEWS: @SenWarren, @RepKatiePorter, and more demand tax filing companies and Big Tech give answers about their tracking of taxpayers’ info.
“An appalling breach of users’ trust and a potentially illegal misuse of sensitive taxpayer data,” they call it: mrkup.org/tax-accountability
ALT Screenshot of congressional letter directed to Google CEO Sundar Pichai. It reads "We write with grave concerns following a report that major tax preparation companies such as H&R Block, TaxAct, and TaxSlayer have been “secretly transmitting sensitive financial information” to Meta and Google when Americans file their taxes online, including “data on
users’ income, filing status, [and] refund amounts.” If true, this is an appalling breach of users’ trust and a potentially illegal abuse of sensitive taxpayer data that raises questions about the misuse of data by the tax preparation companies and about the role of Google in facilitating these
abuses. Given these new reports, we seek a full accounting of and explanation for the disclosure of taxpayer data to Google." The rest of the letter is available at https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/TaxPrepMetaLetters.pdf
NEW from @leonyin and @asankin: Last year YouTube’s CEO said Black lives matter. But we found that its ad portal makes it more difficult for advertisers to find social and racial justice videos by blocking keywords including Black Lives Matter. themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
BREAKING: A congressional report has confirmed that Meta and major tax preparation companies inappropriately shared millions of taxpayers’ financial data.
“Shockingly careless” is how the investigation, led by @SenWarren, described it.
themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
For example, Google Ads blocks ad targeting with “Black power,” a phrase associated with the African American civil rights movement, but offered more than 100 million YouTube videos and channels related to the White supremacist phrase “White power.”
In our test, we opened a new Gmail account using a new phone number and Tor, an anonymizing browser. We did not open, move, or label the emails in the inbox.
themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
We want to share a long-overdue update on the status of The Markup. We are thrilled to announce that Julia Angwin @JuliaAngwin is back as Editor-in-Chief, and former BuzzFeed VP and associate counsel Nabiha Syed @nabihasyed is joining as President. themarkup.org/press-release-…
NEW: Code on the FAFSA website sent financial aid applicants’ personal data to Facebook.
The U.S. Department of Education turned off the feature following our questioning, but the data that was shared remains in Facebook’s hands. themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
NEW report confirms that crime prediction software can’t deliver on its claim to fame: predicting crime.
The tech that tells police where to patrol was right less than 1% of the time.
With @WIRED:
themarkup.org/prediction-bia…
NEW: Major tax filing companies, like H&R Block and TaxAct, have been sending your information to Facebook as you file your taxes online.
The penalties for disclosing data without consent could be steep. themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
When we brought our findings to Google, the company doubled down: It blocked an additional 32 terms related to social and racial justice, including “civil rights,” “believe Black women,” “Black excellence,” and “queer.”
Our investigation uncovered that Google Ads blocks dozens of terms associated with social and racial justice movements. Meanwhile, hundreds of millions of videos the platform suggested for hate-related terms were available for ad placements.
🧵🧵🧵
1/ The Markup is all about algorithmic accountability. So, for our first story we investigated an algorithm that sets prices for a product you need for everyday life and you MUST purchase or you can land in jail.
It’s car insurance. 🚙📈 themarkup.org/allstates-algo…
Domingo, a Los Angeles–based Uber driver was just one ride away from a $100 bonus.
That’s when he got stuck waiting for Uber’s algorithm to give him another ride.
This wasn’t bad luck—it was an engineered outcome, explains @veenadubal:
lpeproject.org/blog/the-hous…
Today we’re thrilled to announce that @sisiwei will be joining our team as editor-in-chief.
Sisi Wei brings more than a decade of experience in investigative, data, and visual journalism to this role. Join us in welcoming her!
When we clicked a button to schedule an appointment at the following hospitals, Facebook was sent a packet of data that included details like our IP addresses, selected doctors’ names, and more.
ALT Johns Hopkins Hospital
[UCLA Reagan Medical Center]
[New York Presbyterian Hospital]
[Northwestern Memorial Hospital]
[Duke University Hospital]
[Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania]
[Houston Methodist Hospital]
[University of Chicago Medical Center]
[University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center]
[Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla](
[Barnes-Jewish Hospital]
[Tufts Medical Center
ALT [Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center]
[Jefferson Health - Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals]
[Northwestern Medicine Central DuPage Hospital]
[Loyola University Medical Center]
[UnityPoint Health - Meriter]
[Penn Medicine Chester County Hospital]
[Inova Fairfax Hospital]
[Froedtert Hospital and the Medical College of Wisconsin]
[St. Joseph Mercy Chelsea]
[Sharp Memorial Hospital]
[Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center]
[Henry Ford Hospital]
NEW: A secretive scoring system helps determine which of Los Angeles’s unhoused residents get assistance by measuring their “vulnerability.”
We reviewed more than 130,000 scores and found racial disparities in who’s deemed most vulnerable.
With @latimes: themarkup.org/investigation/…
We signed up for emails from 16 presidential campaigns. After four months, only 6 percent of candidates’ emails appeared in our primary inbox. The majority went to the promotions inbox. #WheresMyEmail
ALT Screenshot of a Gmail inbox with the Primary, Social, and Promotions tabs enabled.
Even data from password-protected patient portals made its way into Facebook’s hands.
We found seven health systems sending data as sensitive as medication names, appointment details, and descriptions of allergic reactions.
Most have since removed the tracking.
ALT Table that shares whether a hospital removed a tracking pixel after being contacted by The Markup. The hospitals and their response are as follows: Community health network, yes; edward-elmhurst health, yes; fastmed, no; novant health, yes; piedmont, yes; renown health, unknown; wakemed, yes.
And when we logged in to one of these patient portals ourselves, we found Facebook got even more sensitive information—including a medication’s name and dosage as well as the response to a question about sexual orientation.
ALT Screenshot of the Novant Health portal, showing responses to a survey on sexual orientation and gender identity.
ALT Screenshot of code on the Novant health Portal, highlighting a line that show the survey response, "Gay: men who are attracted to men," being sent to Facebook.
NEW: We’ve identified one of the largest suppliers of data to the location data industry—family safety app Life360.
Life360 sells location data from its 33 million users to about a dozen data brokers, including X-Mode, Safegraph, and Cuebiq. themarkup.org/privacy/2021/1…
Set a reminder. Mark your calendars. Turn post notifications on. The Markup launches on Feb. 25 with nonprofit, nonpartisan, data-driven investigations. Yeah, we’re excited, too. themarkup.org/press-release-…
ALT Box for a Spirit Halloween costume that reads "Federal Privacy Regulations" and says "Includes: Nothing" as a reference toward the fact that the U.S. doesn't have a national privacy law.
NEW: Some of the country’s top hospitals have been sending sensitive patient information to Facebook.
These hospitals may have violated HIPAA, experts say. themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
In a rare look at just how deep (and weird) the rabbit hole of targeted advertising gets, we found 650,000 ways the digital ad industry labels you. And we’ve made it easy for you to explore the data: themarkup.org/privacy/2023/0…
As we reported yesterday, Google responded to our investigation by changing the platform’s code to preclude future investigations. It is now unclear whether a keyword is blocked or there are simply no related videos on YouTube.
Citizen Browser is a new project that seeks to audit the black box algorithms that determine what users see on their social media feeds.
Read more on this exciting project in today’s newsletter: getrevue.co/profile/themarku… (video via @knightcolumbia)
This data was sent to Facebook by the Meta Pixel.
It’s a snippet of code people can put on their websites that tracks users as they navigate the site, potentially logging the pages they visit, the buttons they click, and some information they enter into forms.
Across Kansas City, @ATT gave the worst deals to historically redlined areas.
We found the same pattern in every city in our analysis where digitized historic redlining maps were available—22 in all.
ALT Chart that depicts residential addresses offered different download speeds for the same price in Kansas City. Its title reads "Historically redlined areas disproportionately received slow internet speeds in Kansas City, Mo." Below the text are two maps, side by side, shaded by their historical loan grade. Above the grade are black points that reveal which addresses were offered slow speeds. The left map reveals that 68% of addresses in redlined areas were offered slow speeds. The right map reveals that the fastest speeds were offered in historically high-rated areas.
Five of those seven hospitals showed up in the data from our reader-powered study with @MozillaRally.
The hospitals were sending their patients’—and our participants’—medical data to Facebook.
Learn more about the project: mrkup.org/pixel-hunt.
ALT Screenshot of code on mychart.piedmont.org's website that shows a patient's name, the date and time of their appointment, and the name of their provider being sent to Facebook. The data has been redacted in yellow highlight by The Markup.
A decade ago, a group of UCLA professors developed software that used data to predict where crime would happen, promising police could thwart it.
PredPol, as they called it, was supposed to be race neutral. We and @Gizmodo found its predictions are not. themarkup.org/prediction-bia…
Still, reporting has shown time and again that Facebook’s filters can let seriously sensitive data slip through the cracks.
And the data sharing likely goes far beyond the 40 institutions we’ve identified.
We found Google Ads blocked ad placement searches for Black Lives Matter, Muslim and Jewish parenting, Muslim fashion, and issues involving gender and sexuality. After we contacted the company, it extended blocks to other religions.
For a deeper look at precisely how @leonyin popped the hood on Google Ads, read the methodology here. Warning: This methodology contains many offensive terms. themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
Why can internet providers charge the same for totally different speeds?
The federal government doesn’t regulate these prices. Unlike telephone service, it doesn’t consider internet to be a utility. 😳
The @FCC declined to comment. Read the full story: mrkup.org/broadband
ALT Graphic that reads "Providers offer different speeds for the same price" above a chart depicting price per megabit per second of download speed. It shows the range from worst to best deal for four internet providers, AT&T, Verizon, CenturyLink, Earthlink. The range for each company is as follows: Verizon, .13 to 5.63; EarthLink, .60 to 19.98; AT&T, .13 to 71.61; CenturyLink .25 to 100.00" The chart is attributed to Joel Eastwood. Source is: The Markup analysis of AT&T, Verizon, CenturyLink, Earthlink
We’re thrilled to announce that the exceptional @iamxavier is joining @team_markup as an explanatory reporter. Last year, his video about why black actors in Insecure look stunning on screen took the internet by storm:
New from @asankin: Facebook allowed advertisers to target more than 78 million users interested in “pseudoscience,” even as the company vowed to fight misinformation. It took down the category after an inquiry from The Markup. themarkup.org/coronavirus/20…
NEW with @statnews: Major telehealth companies specializing in mental health, addiction, and more are collecting sensitive patient data and sending it to the world’s largest advertising platforms. themarkup.org/privacy/2022/1…
Take New Orleans: Shirley Neville, who lives in a middle-class, largely Black neighborhood, said her @ATT connection left her struggling to join video meetings.
Meanwhile in a mostly White, upper-income neighborhood, @ATT offered speeds almost 400x faster—for the same price.
ALT Graphic that reads "Share of households in New Orleans, La., offered slow internet, by percentage of non-Hispanic White residents." Below the text is a 2-bar chart that depicts 77% for Least White and 45% for Most White areas. Below the chart is text that reads "Internet download speeds of less than 25 megabits per second. Chart credit is given to Joel Eastwood and Source: The Markup analysis of AT&T; U.S. Census Bureau"
We analyzed more than 800,000 internet offers from @ATT, @Verizon, @EarthLink, and @CenturyLink in 38 U.S. cities.
All four regularly offered speeds at or above 200 Mbps in some neighborhoods and connections below 25 Mbps in others. For the exact. Same. Price.
ALT Graphic featuring a U.S. map. Text above it reads "In most cities, poorer neighborhoods were offered worse internet plans more often." The map depicts the Increase in share of addresses offered slow internet speed in lower-income areas compared to upper-income areas. It assigns a color to four different ranges and left 38 plots scattered across the U.S. with one of the colors in the range. Only Oklahoma City is called out by a label, which reads, "In Oklahoma City, Okla., more than 7 times as many households in poor neighborhoods were offered slow internet as in upper-income neighborhoodsIn Oklahoma City, Okla., more than 7 times as many households in poor neighborhoods were offered slow internet as in upper-income neighborhoods." Attribution is given to Joel Eastwood, Paroma Soni. Source: The Markup analysis of AT&T, CenturyLink, Verizon; U.S. Census Bureau
NEW: We’ve identified a private equity firm that has unseen influence on children’s education.
Vista Equity Partners owns companies like PowerSchool and EAB, which are collecting and using data on tens of millions of students. themarkup.org/machine-learni…
In response to our findings, a Meta spokesperson paraphrased the company’s sensitive health policy, saying that if Facebook detects potentially sensitive data being sent, it “will be removed before it can be stored in our ads systems.” They didn’t respond to follow-up questions.
NEW: Non-native English speakers’ assignments are more frequently flagged as AI-generated, a report has revealed.
As the fall semester begins, faculty should consider whether the research makes a case for scrapping AI detectors altogether. mrkup.org/EmoKW
New investigation: We found Google routinely put its own products before competitors on the search page. In a sample of 15,000 queries, Google content took up 41 percent of the first page and 63 percent of the first screen of search results. themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
People offered the worst internet deals aren’t just being ripped off.
They’re being denied the ability to participate in remote learning, well-paying remote jobs, and even family connection and recreation.
The Meta Pixel can track:
• what pages you view
• what you buy
• what you enter into a form
• what you click
We found it on extremely sensitive sites—and we’re still seeing companies being held accountable. themarkup.org/hello-world/20…
Amazon doesn’t consistently disclose which products are company brands or exclusives.
So this Cyber Monday, we decided to add some transparency for Amazon shoppers.
Introducing: Amazon Brand Detector. themarkup.org/brand-detector
In our experiment, Gmail sent 63 percent of Pete Buttigieg’s campaign email to the primary inbox.
But it sent none of Elizabeth Warren’s campaign email there. And only 2 percent of Bernie Sanders’s campaign email landed in the primary inbox.: themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
NEW: Amazon placed items from its house brands and exclusives ahead of competitors with better customer ratings and more sales, @adrjeffries and @leonyin found after examining the results of nearly 3,500 popular product searches. themarkup.org/amazons-advant…
Few people are aware of how expansively Facebook tracks users when they are not on Facebook—whether they’re Facebook users or not.
If you are a @Firefox user, you can help us uncover what information Facebook’s pixel tool is gathering about you.
themarkup.org/news/2022/01/2…
NEW: Dozens of websites tied to the national mental health crisis hotline—988—are sending visitor data to Facebook.
That data often included whether visitors attempted to call the hotline by clicking on designated dial buttons.
With @statnews:
themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
. @benandjerrys, a company with a history of publicly supporting social and racial justice movements, expressed concern about the blocklist, saying it’s like working “with one arm tied behind our back.”
UPDATE: Uber offered a $1,000 payment to one of these carjacked drivers—in exchange for an NDA.
The driver would've been promising not to sue Uber, disparage the company, or talk about the settlement.
NEW: Uber and Lyft drivers across the U.S. have been carjacked at alarming rates over the past year and a half.
Many of these workers are elderly, immigrants, or women. Eleven have died as a result, and dozens have been severely or permanently injured. themarkup.org/working-for-an…
Today we’re sending out the first issue of our newsletter. Funny story: it turns out it is NOT THAT EASY to find a newsletter platform that lets you totally disable tracking. /1
UPDATE: Mental health startup Cerebral has admitted to disclosing users’ sensitive health data in violation of HIPAA.
We and @statnews uncovered the data sharing back in December.
ALT Screenshot of email from Cerebral to a user that reads "Cerebral Inc. takes your privacy seriously. We write to provide transparency regarding Cerebral’s prior data sharing practices via Tracking Technologies (as defined below) on portions of its websites and mobile applications and with certain subcontractors and other service providers.
What Happened? Like others in many industries, including health systems, traditional brick and mortar providers, and other telehealth companies, Cerebral has used what are called “pixels” and similar common technologies, such as those made available by Google, Meta (Facebook), TikTok, and other third parties, on Cerebral’s Platforms. Cerebral has used Tracking Technologies since we began operations on October 12, 2019. Cerebral recently initiated a review of its use of Tracking Technologies and data sharing practices involving Subcontractors."
We're happy to start the new decade off with an amazing team in place and important stories to tell. Wishing you all a productive and positive 2020.
Sign up for our newsletter: getrevue.co/profile/themarku…
Since we launched Blacklight this morning, readers have scanned 36,000 sites for trackers. (And true to our tracker-free promise, we don't know who you are.)
Try Blacklight for yourself: themarkup.org/blacklight/
Read this sentence twice: Exit polls showed that 40% of those who voted to pass California’s Prop 22 believed they were supporting gig workers in getting a living wage.
The tactics that led to this belief are already being employed in Massachusetts. themarkup.org/ask-the-markup…
NEW: Google says it takes seriously the issue of hate and harassment, but our latest investigation found hate terms slipping through YouTube's ad portal filters. Read @leonyin and @asankin’s latest report. themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
🚨Job alert🚨
The Markup is hiring! Applications are open for an editor, beat reporters, chief of staff and a tech coordinator.
⬇️ More info in the thread
✉️ DMs open if you have questions
🔗 Please share with your networks
We’re thrilled to share this news: @lamthuyvo will be joining our team as a reporter.
Lam brings expertise in data analysis and on-the-ground reporting, as well as a commitment to revealing how systems impact those living on the margins. themarkup.org/inside-the-mar…
In Kenosha, Wisconsin, 43% of Black ninth graders were labeled “high risk” of dropping out by an algorithm.
Just 11% of White ninth graders got that same label.
Every student in the state gets a risk score before high school. With @Chalkbeat: mrkup.org/Ft1hH
Facebook is collecting ultrasensitive personal data about abortion seekers and enabling anti-abortion organizations to use that data as a tool to target people online, in violation of its own policies.
themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
We tested whether some of the factors commonly cited by internet providers and industry professionals explained away the disparities.
In most cases, they didn’t.
Here’s our methodology for those who want to dig in. themarkup.org/show-your-work…
One Texas-based lender, whose top markets include Dallas, Houston, and Austin, was 160% more likely to deny Black applicants than comparable White applicants. themarkup.org/denied/2021/08…
🧵New investigation: Do you know who’s informed when you visit government websites? Sites for abortion providers? Those serving LGBTQ people? We found online tracking is common, even where privacy would seem paramount. themarkup.org/blacklight/202…
Nationally, our analysis found, the mortgage industry was 40% to 80% more likely in 2019 to deny home loans to people of color than to White people with similar financial characteristics.
ALT Applicants of color denied at higher rates
To illustrate the odds of denial that our analysis revealed, we calculated how many people of each race/ethnic group would likely be denied if 100 similarly qualified applicants from each group applied for mortgages in the United States. 5 white applicants denied, 7 latino applicants denied, 7 asian/pacific islander applicants denied, 8 native american denied, and 9 Black denied.
Our latest with @reveal: The world’s largest social media platform—Facebook—knows who’s visiting the websites of hundreds of crisis pregnancy centers. themarkup.org/pixel-hunt/202…
🚨JOURNALISM JOBS THREAD🚨 Investigative news stories can be long, complex and overwhelming. But they don’t have to be.
Investigations can be short, funny or even visual. Investigations are fundamentally about demanding accountability from institutions and people with power. /1
If you’re protesting, secure your phone.
Save our guide on how to prep your phone before attending a protest: themarkup.org/the-breakdown/…
ALT - Use messaging apps that can’t be intercepted
Signal and Whatsapp are encrypted services
- Turn off Location Tracking
Turn on airplane mode or turn off location history/services
- Use a passcode, not fingerprint or face recognition
The longer your passcode the better. Passcodes have more legal protection than biometrics.
Turn off or obscure notifications
If your phone is seized notifications can reveal info about anyone getting in touch with you
-Before You Share
Take screenshots of any photos and post those instead to strip out identifying metadata. Cover up identifying information for people and locations
-Physicalize Your Phonebook
Phones can run out of battery, get lost, broken, or taken away. Write down a lawyer or emergency contact on your arm in Sharpie
-NYC National Lawyers Guild support hotline: (212) 679-6018
-More information at themarkup.org/prepmyphone
Two years ago, we found that the Facebook Pixel was present on 30% of the top 100,000 websites.
What we didn’t know was exactly what type of data those pixels were sending to Facebook.
And that’s where @MozillaRally came in. ⬇️ themarkup.org/newsletter/hel…
We uncovered Meta’s pixel on the FAFSA site as part of a crowdsourced study in partnership with @MozillaRally.
To get an idea of how we built this panel and keep participants’ data private, dig into our methodology.
Then, consider joining yourself. themarkup.org/show-your-work…
NEW: Publishers may finally be able to ditch AMP, the strict set of rules for mobile websites created by Google.
The change was announced as the company faces tough antitrust scrutiny.
themarkup.org/google-the-gia…
JOB ALERT: We're hiring a Privacy Reporter to cover the erosion of privacy in just about every aspect of our lives — from facial recognition scans at the airport to the ads tracking you across the Internet.
Apply by Nov. 15: boards.greenhouse.io/themark…
Shares and RTs appreciated.